In inertial navigation system, the measurement of acceleration is realized by the accelerometer. Acceleration is a physical quantity used to reflect the speed change state of an object in the process of movement. It cannot be measured directly. It is usually measured indirectly by something that can be measured directly, such as time or displacement. Current acceleration sensors (accelerometers) use indirect measurement and force balance to obtain the acceleration of an object. The working principle of the accelerometer is based on Newton’s second law of motion: the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables – the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object.
Therefore, the output of the acceleration sensor reflects the net force of the sensitive balance in the sensor in the whole space, mainly including inertial force and gravity. When the object moves in space, the sensor can obtain the acceleration of the object in real-time. The instantaneous velocity of the object can be obtained by integrating the acceleration once, and the relative position of the object can be obtained by integrating the velocity once. Using these three parameters, the motion trajectory of the object can be described. So how does the quartz accelerometer work?
Quartz flexible accelerometer and its development status as a kind of force feedback pendulum accelerometer, quartz flexible accelerometer is developed on the basis of the liquid floating pendulum accelerometer. The main difference between the two is that the detection quality of the quartz flexible accelerometer is not floating, but is elastically connected to the flexible beam support, introducing elastic moment. Therefore, this kind of accelerometer has higher accuracy, strong anti-interference ability Large measuring range and strong overload capacity. The performance of flexible material directly affects the performance of the accelerometer. There are two kinds of materials that can be used as the flexible pendulum: metal and quartz. The traditional liquid floating pendulum accelerometer pendulum uses metal materials, while the thermal expansion coefficient of quartz is much smaller than that of steel, and the material performance is better than that of metal. Moreover, quartz has high anti-fatigue strength and small hysteresis, so it is very suitable to be used as the pendulum of the accelerometer. As soon as the quartz flexible accelerometer came out, it quickly replaced the liquid floating accelerometer and became an indispensable key device in the inertial navigation and guidance system.
At present, the quartz flexible accelerometer has been widely used in the measurement of various linear acceleration and vibration acceleration, as well as the measurement of velocity, distance, angular velocity, angular displacement and other parameters. It has been successfully used in military and civilian fields such as satellite microgravity measurement systems, high-precision inertial navigation systems, rock and soil-based borehole measurement and oil drilling, continuous inclinometer system, carrier rocket, ballistic missile and spacecraft.
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